Iron single-atom/clusters catalysts derived from iron-rich Enteromorpha after urea-saturation for Fenton-like reaction

Fabrication of single atom catalysts(SACs) by a green and gentle method is important for their practical Fenton-like use. In this work, a high effective iron-based catalyst was prepared from the iron-rich Enteromorpha for NPX degradation via peroxymonosulfate(PMS). Both Fe-SACs and iron-clusters was fabricated from the intrinsic iron element in Enteromorpha after the urea saturation. The Fe-SACs/clusters can achieve 100% of NPX oxidation within 20 min with the kobsof 0.282 min-1. Quenching tests indicated that the radical pathways were not dominated in the catalytic systems, and strong electron transfer process can be induced in the Fe-SACs/clusters + PMS system by using the NPX as electron donor and FeSACs/clusters/PMS~* complexes as electron acceptor. This result was consistent with the phenomenon observed in the galvanic oxidation system. In addition, the Fe-SACs/clusters was deposited onto the ceramic membrane(CM) by the spraying-crosslinking process to form a Fe-SACs/clusters@CM, which showed an effective and continuous NPX degradation in a heterogeneous PMS system.