Crosstalk between the tumor microenvironment and tumor cells through exosomes:Roles in tumor metabolism and progression

Tumor proliferation,metabolism,metastasis,and chemoresistance are intimately related to the tumor microenvironment(TME).The metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells is a hallmark of their adaptation to hypoxic and nutrient-deficient TMEs.Exosomes,a type of extracellular vesicle,have been found to regulate the crosstalk between tumor cells and the TME,affecting tumor metabolic reprogramming.In this review,we introduce the metabolic characteristics of tumor cells;describe the crosstalk between tumor cells and the TME in terms of glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,and amino acid metabolism through exosomes;and provide an overview of the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of exosomes.A better understanding of tumor metabolism would provide a broader perspective about the mechanisms underlying tumor pathology and would facilitate the search for therapeutic targets and guide more individualized tumor treatment.