Adaptation and Evaluation of the Liverpool Seizure Severity Scale and Liverpool Quality of Life Battery for American Epilepsy Patients

The Liverpool Seizure Severity Scale (LSSS) and the Liverpool Quality of Life (LQOL) battery were developed in Great Britain to assess the severity of seizure symptoms and the impact of epilepsy on patients' quality of life. The scales have been validated on British patients, but have not been validated for use with American patients. The objectives of this study were to adapt the scales to the American population and to evaluate their reliability and validity. After modifications recommended by focus groups with patients and epilepsy specialists, the scales were administered to a sample of 90 epilepsy patients who had experienced seizures within the previous 4 weeks. Comparisons of patients with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (n = 58) and partial seizures (n = 32) revealed significant differences on 12 of the 20 items on the LSSS as well as the total score. None of the six LQOL subscales (negative drug effects, positive drug effects, affect balance, sense of mastery, life fulfilment and impact of epilepsy) distinguished patients with different seizure types but five of the six subscales were significantly correlated with seizure severity. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were adequate for both the LSSS and LQOL. Finally, five of the six LQOL scales were significantly correlated with independent measures of mental health, physical health and role functioning.