Tumors of peripheral nerves

Background. Differentiation between malignant and benign tumors of peripheral nerves in the early stages is challenging; however, due to the unfavorable prognosis of malignant tumors early identification is required. Objectives. To show the possibilities for detection, differential diagnosis and clinical management of peripheral nerve tumors by imaging appearance in magnetic resonance (MR) neurography. Material and methods. Review of current literature available in PubMed and MEDLINE, supplemented by the authors' own observations in clinical practice. Results. Although not pathognomonic, several imaging features have been reported for a differentiation between distinct peripheral nerve tumors. Conclusion. The use of MR neurography enables detection and initial differential diagnosis in tumors of peripheral nerves. Furthermore, it plays an important role in clinical follow-up, targeted biopsy and surgical planning.