Whole-exome sequencing in Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (TRPS) type I in a Korean family

Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is a rare autosomal dominant and monogenic disease. Among three types of TRPS, it is known that TRPS type I and type III are caused by deletions or substitutions in the TRPS1 gene, located on chromosome 8 (8q23.3). Although the mutations in TRPS1 gene are responsible for human TRPS, some cases are not detected by the mutations of TRPS1 gene and several cases are presented with different genetic variations. The present case was a sporadic and without TRPS1 mutation. Therefore, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) with one patient and his family (father, mother, and brother) and validated novel mutations using PCR and Sanger sequencing. Through family-based WES, we found the two de novo mutations such as ZNF 134 and EXD 3 genes. Through functional effect prediction using disease association Ensembl database, we propose that the de novo mutation of ZNF134 (p.Ser207Arg) could be one of potential candidate genes for causing TRPS and develope the TRPS phenotype in the present case.