Differentiation of antigen-presenting cells (dendritic cells and macrophages) for therapeutic application in patients with lymphoma

The recent clinical trial in lymphoma using tumor antigen-loaded DCs (Hsu et al, Nature Med 1996; 2: 52) demonstrates the efficiency of the use of professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) for taking up, processing and presenting tumor protein in a vaccine strategy in cancer. However, the production of large quantities of clinical grade APCs remains to be resolved. Here, we describe that both dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (MØs) can be efficiently differentiated in large numbers from lymphoma patients in spite of their disease and previous therapy. These cells were produced using the VAC and MAK cell processors according to standard operating procedures. DCs and MØs were differentiated from circulating monocytes in gas permeable hydrophobic bags, with 2% autologous serum and in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-13 or GM-CSF alone, respectively. DCs and MØs were then purified by counter flow centrifugation. Phenotypic, morphological and functional analysis showed that cells differentiated from patients with lymphoma present quite similar features to DCs and MØs produced from monocytes of healthy donors. Moreover, we show that MØs, when combined with CD20 antibody (Rituximab), can efficiently engulf tumor cells and propose that a such combination could be used for initiating a clinical trial in lymphoma. Thus, the possibility of producing functional DC and MØs in large amounts in conditions compatible with therapeutic application will allow the development of new immune strategies to eradicate lymphoma. Leukemia (2000) 14, 1667–1677.