Heat Kernel Estimates and the Essential Spectrum on Weighted Manifolds

We consider a complete noncompact smooth Riemannian manifold M with a weighted measure and the associated drifting Laplacian. We demonstrate that whenever the q-Bakry–Émery Ricci tensor on M is bounded below, then we can obtain an upper bound estimate for the heat kernel of the drifting Laplacian from the upper bound estimates of the heat kernels of the Laplacians on a family of related warped product spaces. We apply these results to study the essential spectrum of the drifting Laplacian on M.