Substantiation of flow charts for reverse-osmosis desalting with the ion-exchange softening of sea water and permeate

The article has considered flow charts for the preparation of make-up water of boilers of low, medium, and high pressure (9.8 MPa) from the sea water based on reverse-osmosis desalination. We have proved the possibility of deep Na-cationic softening of permeate by their own concentrates of the desalination stage. Reliable prevention of calcium deposits on membranes is achieved by acidulation of the waters of the Black Sea and Na-(Mg-Na)-zeolite softening process of the Caspian Sea waters also with the use of the concentrate for regeneration of the cation-exchanger.