On Internal Gravity Waves Associated with the Stable Boundary Layer

The stable planetary boundary layer at the baseof the residual layer supports internalwaves that are unambiguously ‘boundary layer’ incharacter. Some of these wavesare instabilities and some are neutrally stable modes, but they all have critical levelsin the residual layer. These waves exist for a broad range of conditions and should bea major component of any ducted disturbance that propagates within ninety degreesof the wind direction. The wave properties can be computed without the numericaldifficulties usually associated with critical-level systems.