A comprehensive review on energy management strategies of hybrid energy storage systems for electric vehicles

The development of electric vehicles represents a significant breakthrough in the dispute over pollution and the inadequate supply of fuel. The reliability of the battery technology, the amount of driving range it can provide, and the amount of time it takes to charge an electric vehicle are all constraints. The eradication of these constraints is possible through the combination of energy storage systems. The hybrid energy storage system is potentially a significant development since it combines the advantages that are traditionally associated with batteries and supercapacitors. When compared to conventional energy storage systems for electric vehicles, hybrid energy storage systems offer improvements in terms of energy density, operating temperature, power density, and driving range. Thus, the review paper explores the different architectures of a hybrid energy storage system, which include passive, semi-active, or active controlled hybrid energy storage systems. Further, the effectiveness of hybrid energy storage systems based on the different architectures and operating modes was examined. Also, this work presents control modes of energy management strategies based on rules and optimization based strategies. Further, this review paper provides the effects of driving cycles and thermal behavior on the performance of hybrid energy storage systems. From this extensive review, based on simulation and experimental results, it is concluded that the battery parameters and energy management strategy for a hybrid energy storage system are the prime factors for the battery’s charging and discharging time, state of charge, state of health, energy consumption, and safety of the electric vehicle.