Volume measurement of cerebral arteriovenous malformations from angiography

We designed software for measuring the volume of cerebral arteriovenous malformations from angiography and validated it against prescription volumes in radiosurgery. We aimed to create a model for the risk for complications as a function of volume, based on established outcome prediction models for Gamma Knife® radiosurgery, but without the need for dose planning. We created an application for computing the volume of cerebral arteriovenous malformations from the intersection of two X-ray cones in stereotactic space. Volume measurements were compared with prescription volumes from dose planning, in phantoms and in patients treated with Gamma Knife® radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Previous studies of 1128 treated patients were used to calculate the risk for complication as a function of the nidus volume. In 63 patients volumes measured with either method correlated, R2 = 0.85. Volume as measured with the intersecting cone model (ICM) correlated with predicted Gamma Knife® radiosurgery complication rate, R2 = 0.84. The ICM can thus be used for measurement of AVM volumes less than 10 cm3 from angiography. Outcome models from Gamma Knife® radiosurgery may be applied, but with reduced exactness. Standardised AVM volume measurement is valuable for comparing outcome and for quantification of volume reduction after therapy, notably embolisation. Thus the optimal management plan may be selected in conjunction with diagnostic or therapeutic angiography.