Molecular pathology of colorectal cancer [Molekulare Pathologie des kolorektalen Karzinoms]

被引：0
|
作者：
Neumann J.H.L. [1 ]
Jung A. [1 ]
Kirchner T. [1 ]
机构：
[1] Pathologisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Thalkirchner Straße 36, München
来源：
Der Pathologe | 2015年 / 36卷 / 2期
关键词：
BRAF; HNPCC (hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma); KRAS; Microsatellite-instability; PIK3CA;
D O I：
10.1007/s00292-015-0005-3
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
In recent years, several predictive and prognostic biomarkers have been established in colorectal cancer (CRC). The RAS-mutation status is widely applied in the daily routine diagnostic as predictive biomarker for treatment with EGFR-inhibitors. A BRAF- mutation has no predictive value in this context. The detection of high-grade microsatellite instability (MSI-H) is a predictive biomarker for response to 5-Fluoruracil-monotherapy. Prognostic biomarkers in CRC are the MSI-status and the mutational status of BRAF. According to the current WHO classification poorly and undifferentiated CRC and MSI-associated special morphological subtypes are molecular graded depending on their MSI-status. The detection of a BRAF-mutation in the context of microsatellite stability (MSS) is associated with a very poor prognosis and thus represents the most aggressive molecular subtype of CRC. In patients with positive Bethesda criteria a stepwise immunohistochemical and molecular diagnostic scheme is proposed. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
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页码：137 / 144
页数：7
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