Simulating field-controlled piezoelectric detectors based on an electrostriction ceramic

It is shown that one can build field-controlled piezoelectric actuators of flexual type in which the strong steady field produces polarization uneven in the thickness, while the additional alternating field provides the working diesplacements. Formulas are given for the general case (ferroelectric ceramic shells) relating the mechanical stresses, the strains, and the external electric field. The electromechanical bending effect in a cantilever piezoceramic plate is considered in detail for optical radiation modulators.