Temporal and spatial variations of the quality of ambient air in the Kingdom of Bahrain during 2007

The main objective of the present investigation is to study the temporal and spatial variations of the quality of ambient air in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis (KW) test showed significant spatial variations and interactions of spatial-temporal among five mobile monitoring stations for 11 air pollutants. The Mann Whitney (MW) test demonstrated the seasonality of spring over winter for the PM10, PM2.5, NO2, CO and p-xylene, the seasonality of winter over spring for O3, and no significant seasonal variation for NH3, benzene, SO2, toluene and H2S. It is concluded that emissions from automobile exhaust, industrial and developmental projects are responsible for the spatial air pollution, and that air temperature is the controlling factor for the seasonal variations.