Fractional nonlinear Volterra–Fredholm integral equations involving Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative: framelet applications

In this work, we propose a framelet method based on B-spline functions for solving nonlinear Volterra–Fredholm integro-differential equations and by involving Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative, which can provide a reliable numerical approximation. The framelet systems are generated using the set of B-splines with high vanishing moments. We provide some numerical and graphical evidences to show the efficiency of the proposed method. The obtained numerical results of the proposed method compared with those obtained from CAS wavelets show a great agreement with the exact solution. We confirm that the method achieves accurate, efficient, and robust measurement.