Sex-related differences in prevalence, treatment and outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation

To analyze sex-related differences about AF prevalence, use of OAC and outcomes focusing on the older age classes. We used administrative data of the Lombardy Region, describing period prevalence, use of OAC and outcomes from 2002 to 2014 for all patients diagnosed with AF. AF prevalence over the 2002–2014 period was higher in males than in females (2.7% vs. 2.1%, p < 0.001), increasing with age. From 2003 to 2014, not treated AF patients decreased mostly in males (from 40.3 to 33.7% with respect to 43.7–39.8% in females). Age-stratified adjusted logistic regression analysis found that females were more likely treated with OAC when < 65 years in 2003 (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.35–1.69) and in 2014 (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.13–1.53); contrariwise, were less likely treated with OAC when age ≥ 75 years, in 2003 (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86–0.98) and in 2014 (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.72–0.81).Adjusted Cox regression analysis confirmed that female AF patients had a higher risk of stroke (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.14–1.21) and a lower risk of major bleeding (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.80–0.86), while, had a lower risk for all-cause death (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.80–0.83). AF prevalence was higher in male than in female patients, while thromboembolic risk was higher in female. Older female patients were under-treated with OAC particularly in recent years. Over long-term follow-up, female had a higher risk of stroke and a lower risk of major bleeding and all-cause death.