Studies on Axial Tensile Loading Capacity of CHS T-joints Reinforced with External Stiffening Rings

To analyze the effects of stiffening external rings on the brace axial tension capacity of circular hollow section T-joints (CHS-T), loading experiments and finite element model analysis were utilized. Three groups of full-scale specimens (reinforced and unreinforced T-joints) of different brace-to-chord diameter ratios were tested under tension to validate the strengthening effect (Three unreinforced specimens were previously tested and the other three reinforced samples were newly completed). The experimental equipment and parameters are described in detail. Load–ovalization and load–displacement curves in addition to the failure modes were analyzed. It is concluded that the ultimate strength and initial stiffness are significantly enhanced for the reinforced CHS joints compared to the unreinforced specimens. SHELL181 elements were utilized in the finite element analysis to accurately simulate the loading capacity with and without external stiffening rings of the joints, within 10% error.