Assessing unsafe behaviors and their relationship with work-related factors among EMS staff in Iran: a cross-sectional study

Background; Emergency Medical Services (EMS) staff often encounter various safety incidents. Work-related factors can lead to unsafe behaviors and safety incidents. This study assessed unsafe behaviors and their relationship with work-related factors among EMS staff. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study used census sampling method to select 284 EMS staff in Ardabil Province, northwest of Iran, from April to June 2023. The data collection tools were demographic and occupational information form, Mearns Unsafe Behavior Scale, Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, Michielsen Fatigue Scale, and Patterson Teamwork Scale. The data were analyzed using the SPSSv-16, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. Results; The mean of unsafe behavior, fatigue, perceived stress, non-conflict of teamwork, and conflict of teamwork were 15.80 (+/- 4.77), 20.57 (+/- 6.20), 16.10 (+/- 6.13), 117.89 (+/- 17.24), and 40.60 (+/- 9.59), respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that "partner trust and shared mental models (PTSMM)," "physical fatigue," "age," "type of shift," "employment status," and "overtime hours per month" were predictors of general unsafe behavior (P < 0.001) and "mild task conflict (MTC)," "employment status," "partner trust and shared mental models (PTSMM)" were predictors of unsafe behavior under incentives EMS staff (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study showed that some work-related factors were predictors of unsafe behaviors. The negative consequences of unsafe behaviors should be considered, and long-term planning should be done to reduce them. Developing specific guidelines for addressing unsafe behaviors, implementing measures to reduce fatigue, managing overtime hours in the workplace, and Establishing a system where novice staff work with experienced staff during their first year can be beneficial in reducing these behaviors among EMS staff.