Single-walled carbon nanotubes-based electrochemical sensor for the electrochemical investigation of pantoprazole in pharmaceuticals and biological samples

A novel and sensitive electrochemical sensor for the electrochemical investigation of pantoprazole (PPZ) have been established based on single-walled carbon nanotubes-modified carbon paste electrode (SWCNTs/CPE). The developed SWCNTs/CPE has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). An excellent electrocatalytic activity is observed for the modified electrode with respect to pantoprazole. The phosphate buffer solution (PBS) of pH 7.0 was used as an analytical medium, in which the pantoprazole exhibited well-defined oxidation peak at + 1.09 V and the process was found to be irreversible and diffusion-controlled. The effects of various experimental parameters such as pH, scan rate (υ), and concentration (C) on the voltammetric response are investigated. The electrochemical parameters such as surface concentration (Γ), electron transfer coefficient (α), and standard rate constant (k0) of pantoprazole at modified electrode have been determined. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the proposed sensor is found to exhibit a rapid response towards pantoprazole in the linear range from 10 × 10−9 to 400 × 10−9 M with low detection limit of 4.9 × 10−10 M. The analytical applicability of the proposed sensor has been successfully evaluated for the determination of pantoprazole present in pharmaceutical dosages, human serum, and urine samples with respect to sensitivity, repeatability, reproducibility, specificity, accuracy, and precision.