In-vitro Investigation of the Anticancer Efficacy of Carboplatin-Loaded Chitosan Nanocomposites Against Breast and Liver Cancer Cell Lines

One of the critical issues in the cancer tussle is the innovation of drug delivery platforms for the extremely selective, controlled, and sustained release of anti-cancer drugs. We herein report the fabrication of chitosan (CS), magnetite (Fe3O4), graphene Oxide (GO) nanoparticles, and their nanocomposites for high loading efficiency and subsequent release potentiality of Carboplatin (CARB) anticancer drug. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) were used to characterize the crystalline structure, functional structure, and morphology of the fabricated nanostructures. The average crystallite size of the as-prepared chitosan (CS), chitosan-coated magnetite (CS-Fe3O4), chitosan-coated graphene oxide (CS-GO), and chitosan-coated magnetite graphene oxide (CS- Fe3O4-GO) nanocomposites was found to be 5.5, 70.5, 10.6, and 80 nm, respectively. The percentage loading of Carboplatin on CS, CS-Fe3O4, Cs-GO, and CS-Fe3O4-GO was 70, 81, 58, and 74%, respectively. The Carboplatin releasing results indicated promising cumulative release percentages at pH 5.0 and pH 7.4. The cumulative release percentages for CARB-CS, CARB-CS-GO, CARB-CS- Fe3O4, and CARB-CS-Fe3O4-GO at pH 5.0 were 87, 80, 88, and 90%, respectively. While the corresponding percentages at pH 7.4 were 84, 72%, 89, and 87%. The in-vitro cytotoxicity of carboplatin (CARB), CARB-CS-Fe3O4-GO, and CS- Fe3O4-GO was explored against two human cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and Hep-G2) using MTT assay. The CARB-CS- Fe3O4-GO exhibited the greatest surviving fraction at concentrations 5 and 12.5 µM against Hep-G2 and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively, compared to the free carboplatin (CARB). The results indicated that CS- Fe3O4-GO nanocomposite is a better candidate as a drug delivery nano-carrier for the Carboplatin anti-cancer drug.