Blooming Approach: One-Pot Biogenic Synthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles Using Piper Betle for the Degradation of Industrial Reactive Yellow 86 Dye

The current work is focused on the development of obliging and effective means for mitigation of industrial lethal inorganic dyes by using plant extracts mediated metal oxide nanoparticles that have been recommended as eco-friendly radicals. This study establishes an inexpensive method for the abatement of industrial reactive yellow-86 dye under optimum conditions by utilizing Piper betle mediated TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). The green-synthesized particles were analyzed by UV-vis spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectrometer, etc. The EDX results show the presences of Ti and O i.e. 53.67 and 46.33 atomic %, respectively. The XRD results confirm the presence of anatase phase of TiO2 particles with an average crystalline size of 8.37 nm. Topography images obtained from FESEM show that agglomerated TiO2 nanoparticles are of spherical shape. FTIR spectra corroborate that TiO2 NPs are capped and stabilized by biomolecules of piper betle. The optical absorbance spectrum shows the major peak at 322 nm and calculated Eg (energy band gap) is 3.72 eV. Overall photocatalysis experimental outcomes illustrate that increase in dose of catalyst up to a certain level, leads to increase in the percentage dye degradation as well rate of dye degradation. TiO2 exhibits 91% (10 mg catalyst, 180 min), 96% (15 mg catalyst, 140 min) and 98% (20 mg catalyst, 100 min) dye removal efficiency. This work establishes that Piper betle mediated TiO2 can effectively and efficiently catalyze the degradation of reactive yellow-86 dye.