Heat and Mass Transfer Kinetics in Arc Welding Process

The paper presents the investigation results of the heat and mass transfer kinetics during shielded metal arc welding (SMAW). It is shown that instability of the electrode melting and metal transfer to the molten pool is mostly caused by a system of forces acting on the metal droplet at the continuous electrode tip. Experiments show that the process instability and spatter of the electrode metal depend on the energy parameters of the SMAW mode. At the same time, the SMAW technology can be significantly improved through the implementation of the energy parameter control by the adaptive pulsed-arc welding method.