The Migration Experience of Forced Migrant Children and Youth in Iceland

Due to current global circumstances, Iceland has experienced a sharp increase in children, youth, and families seeking refuge. The aim of this study was to examine the migration experience of children and youth who arrived in Iceland as asylum-seekers and to explore the role that psychosocial factors played in their mental well-being. Assessment interviews were conducted at two time points, approximately eight months apart, with a group of children and youth who fled to Iceland. Seventy-five individuals ages 13 to 24 (M = 19.7, SD = 3.0, 67% male) participated at time point one, and 43 remained in the study at time point two (M = 20.16, SD = 3.1, 56% male). Results suggest that the migration experience of children and youth asylum-seekers is a dynamic process involving a confluence of factors occurring during pre-migration, flight, and post-migration, which can positively and negatively impact their lives. For instance, participants experienced numerous stressful life events (SLEs) that acted as push factors, forcing them to flee. Consequently, they reported Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms that remained persistent between time points one and two. However, parental social support protected them against exposure to SLEs. Moreover, social support contributed to their Icelandic language proficiency. Lastly, greater social support and fewer PTSD symptoms were associated with greater mental well-being at time point two. The findings demonstrate the importance of social support and early psychological assessment and intervention for a positive adaptation process and to promote the mental well-being of this vulnerable group.