Glycerol production by Candida krusei employing NaCl as an osmoregulator in batch and continuous fermentations

Addition of 40 g NaCl l−1 to a chemically defined medium containing 140 g glucose l−1 in shake-flask culture improved glycerol production by Candida krusei from 16.5 g l−1 to 47.7 g l−1. With 40 g NaCl l−1 at a dilution rate of 0.065 h−1, glycerol concentration, glycerol yield (based on glucose consumed), and productivity in a four-stage cascade bioreactor were higher by 240%, 27% and 28%, respectively, than in a single-stage continuous culture system.