Retrograde Transcatheter Coil Embolization of Congenital Coronary Artery Fistulas in Infants and Young Children

We report the success of transcatheter coil embolization of congenital coronary artery fistulas in infants and young children, primarily using a retrograde coaxial delivery system. Transcatheter coil embolization of coronary artery fistulas has been used successfully in the adult population with limited reports in the pediatric population, especially in infants. Ten patients underwent transcatheter coil embolization of congenital coronary artery fistulas between January 1993 and August 1999. The median age was 4.5 years (ranging from 5 weeks to 9.8 years). Coils were delivered exclusively using a retrograde arterial approach in 8 of 10 patients. A coaxial system was used in 8 patients. Angiography immediately after placement of coils revealed no residual shunt in any patient. Recent follow-up evaluation is available for 9 patients (median duration of follow-up, 7.9 months). Echocardiographic and clinical evaluations show complete occlusion in 8 of 9 patients. All patients are asymptomatic with normalization of chamber dimensions and coronary artery caliber. Transcatheter coil embolization of congenital coronary artery fistulas can be performed safely and successfully in infants and young children. The use of a retrograde approach and coaxial system is safe and effective and may provide better accuracy, stability and precision for placement of coils.