Effect of sintering temperature and binder addition on the properties of cupola slag glass–ceramic tiles

The present study aims to investigate the characteristics of cupola furnace slag and to explore its compatibility for the production of ceramic tiles. The glass–ceramic tiles were prepared via a simple powder metallurgy method. The major constituents of the powdered slag are SiO2 and CaO. During thermal processing, CaO-based complex oxides such as wollastonite and anorthite were formed, which was found to be influential in improving the mechanical properties of the glass–ceramics. Significant improvement in the mechanical and thermal properties was obtained by the addition of 2 wt% phosphate binders in the sample. Crystallization of the glassy phases initiated when the sample sintered above 900 °C. Sintering above 1100 °C caused formation of micro-cracks in the matrix. The characteristics of the prepared tiles were compared with the International standards for semi-vitreous floor tiles (ISO 13006-B2a). The results indicate that cupola furnace slag may successfully be used for the manufacturing of ceramic tiles.