Chemoradiotherapy for advanced head and neck cancer - Analysis of a prospective, randomized trial

Objective: To study the efficacy of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy in advanced head and neck cancer. Study design: Randomised, prospective study. Setting: Tertiary academic referral center. Patients: One hundred and eighty patients of advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Intervention: Patients were randomized into two arms. The study arm (CT-RT arm) received 3 cycles of anterior chemotherapy with Inj. Cisplatin 100 mg/m2 on D1 and Inj 5F.U. 700 mg/m2 on D1-D4 at an interval of 21 days, followed by external radiation. The control arm (RT arm) received external radiotherapy only. The dose of Radiotherapy was 64 to 68 Gy in conventional fractionation. Results: Patients of CT-RT showed better tumour control locally than patients who received only RT. Toxicities were commoner in CT-RT arm but they were manageable. 5 year survival is higher in the CT-RT arm (21% vs 16%; p value> 0.05). Conclusion: Anterior chemotherapy with Cisplatin and 5F.U. is associated with good clinical response which is translated into increased survival along with acceptable toxicities. © 2006 Association of Otolaryngologists of India.