Determinants of puerperal sepsis among postpartum women at a tertiary care hospital in Ethiopia: an unmatched case-control study

Background Puerperal sepsis, is a significant factor in maternal morbidity and mortality, especially in regions with lower income levels where maternal mortality rates are highest. However, it can be largely avoided if detected in time. Recognizing and dealing with the root causes early is essential in addressing this problem. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of puerperal sepsis among postpartum women at a tertiary care hospital in Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among 266 postpartum women (88 cases and 178 controls) from October 1, 2023 to November 30, 2023. For each case, two controls were chosen using a systematic random sampling approach. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered, structured questionnaire and medical record review. The collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 27. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to model the association between puerperal sepsis and independent variables. variables that had a crude association in the bivariable analysis (p < 0.25) were entered and analyzed by a multivariable binary logistic regression model to identify statistically significant factors. In the final model, Adjusted odds ratios with their 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine the strength of the association. Statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05. Result Rural residence (AOR = 6.9; 95% CI:2.77-17.10), having no formal education (AOR = 3.8; 95% CI: 2.55, 10.76), cesarean section delivery (AOR: 5.1; 95% CI: 1.30, 11.00) and complication during pregnancy (AOR: 4.6, 95% CI: 1.96, 11.10) were independent determinants of puerperal sepsis. Conclusion Place of residence, maternal education level, mode of delivery, and complication during pregnancy were determinants of puerperal sepsis. It is crucial to implement education and awareness initiatives aimed at mothers, ensure universal access to healthcare services, advocate for evidence-based delivery protocols, and conduct comprehensive antenatal screenings.