Integration of renewable energies, flexible loads and storages into the German power grid: Actual situation in German change of power system

被引：0
|
作者：
Harald Schwarz
Xiaoshu Cai
机构：
[1] Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg,Department for Energy Distribution and High Voltage Engineering
[2] Shanghai University of Electric Power,Institute of Particle and Two
[3] University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,Phase Flow Measurement
[4] University of Technology “Peter the Great”,undefined
[5] University of Shanghai for Science and Technology,undefined
来源：
Frontiers in Energy | 2017年 / 11卷
关键词：
grid integration; renewable energies; system stability; storages; flexible loads; new market design;
D O I：
暂无
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
Starting from the late 1990’s, the German government decided to change the national electric power supply system dramatically. The main stimulating instrument was the German Law on Renewable Energies (Erneuerbare Energien Gesetz (EEG)), which guaranteed a fixed feed-in tariff to everyone who was willing to invest into renewable generation. Based on the year of commissioning, defined revenues per kWh were fixed for the next 20 years. Due to a very attractive over-funding, more than 1.5 million renewable generation units were connected to the German grid up to the end of 2015. According to the EEG, renewable generation units can feed to the grid wherever they are located and whenever they are able to produce. The old physical principle was and is still neglected, which clearly stated that generation always has to follow the demand—simply due to the limited availability of storages in the power system. Only in cases, when temporarily renewable overproduction exceeds the tolerable loading of lines or transformers respectively endangers the system stability in total, are German grid operators allowed to announce curtailments by emergency measures. Even in such cases, the “not produced energy” from renewable sources has to be funded.
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页码：107 / 118
页数：11
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