Spatial and temporal distribution of tadpole assemblages (Amphibia, Anura) in a seasonal dry tropical forest of southeastern Brazil

We determined spatial and temporal distribution of tadpoles in 11 breeding habitats from Morro do Diabo State Park (MDSP), southeastern Brazil. Breeding habitats occupancy by tadpoles was tested to be different from a null model of random placement of species. We also tested whether tadpole occupancy in a given breeding habitat is organized according to different ecomorphological guilds, and we analyzed spatial partitioning of tadpoles among breeding habitats through similarity analysis. For temporal analysis we analyzed temporal partitioning of tadpole monthly occurrence also using similarity analysis, and assessed what climatic variable better predicts tadpole temporal occurrence in the MDSP, through regression analysis. Among tadpoles from 19 anuran species, distribution was different from a null model, but co-occurrence patterns among the breeding habitats did not differ among different guilds. However, breeding habitats with similar hydroperiods had similar species composition, which may be related to the reproduction patterns of species. Among the three climatic variables analyzed (rainfall, temperature, and photoperiod), temporal occurrence of monthly tadpole richness and abundance was correlated with temperature and rainfall. Most species were found only during the rainy season months, and overlap occurred within three groups of species. Thus, temporal distribution does not seem to be an important mechanism in species segregation at the MDSP, where the dry season is pronounced. In this case, spatial partitioning tends to be more important for species coexistence.