Europe’s lost forests: a pollen-based synthesis for the last 11,000 years

被引:0
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作者
N. Roberts
R. M. Fyfe
J. Woodbridge
M.-J. Gaillard
B. A. S. Davis
J. O. Kaplan
L. Marquer
F. Mazier
A. B. Nielsen
S. Sugita
A.-K. Trondman
M. Leydet
机构
[1] Earth and Environmental Sciences,School of Geography
[2] Plymouth University,Department of Biology and Environmental Science
[3] Drake Circus,Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science
[4] Linnaeus University,Institute of Ecology
[5] Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History,Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale
[6] Lund University,Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne
[7] Sölvegatan,undefined
[8] Bureau Research House of Jean Jaurès University,undefined
[9] Tallinn University,undefined
[10] Aix-Marseille Université,undefined
[11] ARVE Research SARL,undefined
[12] Geopolis Building,undefined
来源
Scientific Reports | / 8卷
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摘要
8000 years ago, prior to Neolithic agriculture, Europe was mostly a wooded continent. Since then, its forest cover has been progressively fragmented, so that today it covers less than half of Europe’s land area, in many cases having been cleared to make way for fields and pasture-land. Establishing the origin of Europe’s current, more open land-cover mosaic requires a long-term perspective, for which pollen analysis offers a key tool. In this study we utilise and compare three numerical approaches to transforming pollen data into past forest cover, drawing on >1000 14C-dated site records. All reconstructions highlight the different histories of the mixed temperate and the northern boreal forests, with the former declining progressively since ~6000 years ago, linked to forest clearance for agriculture in later prehistory (especially in northwest Europe) and early historic times (e.g. in north central Europe). In contrast, extensive human impact on the needle-leaf forests of northern Europe only becomes detectable in the last two millennia and has left a larger area of forest in place. Forest loss has been a dominant feature of Europe’s landscape ecology in the second half of the current interglacial, with consequences for carbon cycling, ecosystem functioning and biodiversity.
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