Breath-print analysis by e-nose for classifying and monitoring chronic liver disease: a proof-of-concept study

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作者
Antonio De Vincentis
Giorgio Pennazza
Marco Santonico
Umberto Vespasiani-Gentilucci
Giovanni Galati
Paolo Gallo
Chiara Vernile
Claudio Pedone
Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi
Antonio Picardi
机构
[1] Campus Bio-Medico University,Clinical Medicine and Hepatology Department
[2] Center for Integrated Research - CIR,undefined
[3] Unit of Electronics for Sensor Systems,undefined
[4] Campus Bio-Medico University,undefined
[5] Chair of Geriatrics,undefined
[6] Unit of Respiratory Pathophysiology,undefined
[7] Campus Bio-Medico University,undefined
[8] San Raffaele- Cittadella della Carità Foundation,undefined
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Scientific Reports | / 6卷
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摘要
Since the liver plays a key metabolic role, volatile organic compounds in the exhaled breath might change with type and severity of chronic liver disease (CLD). In this study we analysed breath-prints (BPs) of 65 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), 39 with non-cirrhotic CLD (NC-CLD) and 56 healthy controls by the e-nose. Distinctive BPs characterized LC, NC-CLD and healthy controls, and, among LC patients, the different Child-Pugh classes (sensitivity 86.2% and specificity 98.2% for CLD vs healthy controls, and 87.5% and 69.2% for LC vs NC-CLD). Moreover, the area under the BP profile, derived from radar-plot representation of BPs, showed an area under the ROC curve of 0.84 (95% CI 0.76–0.91) for CLD, of 0.76 (95% CI 0.66–0.85) for LC, and of 0.70 (95% CI 0.55–0.81) for decompensated LC. By applying the cut-off values of 862 and 812, LC and decompensated LC could be predicted with high accuracy (PPV 96.6% and 88.5%, respectively). These results are proof-of-concept that the e-nose could be a valid non-invasive instrument for characterizing CLD and monitoring hepatic function over time. The observed classificatory properties might be further improved by refining stage-specific breath-prints and considering the impact of comorbidities in a larger series of patients.
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