The microenvironment of the tumour–host interface

Throughout the entire process of cancer aetiology, progression and metastasis, the microenvironment of the local host tissue can be an active participant. Invasion occurs within a tumour–host microecology, where stroma and tumour cells exchange enzymes and cytokines that modify the local extracellular matrix, stimulate migration, and promote proliferation and survival. A new class of cancer therapies that targets this pathological communication interface between tumour cells and host cells is currently under development.