Aortic pressure wave reflection in patients after successful aortic arch repair in early infancy

Despite the apparently successful surgical repair of aortic coarctation, subsequent cardiovascular complications have sometimes been encountered. Aortic pressure wave reflection is one of the risk factors for developing cardiovascular diseases, and an enhancement of the pressure wave reflection has been reported in patients after aortic arch repair. To clarify this issue, the increase in pressure wave reflection was evaluated in patients <15 years old who underwent aortic arch repair. This study enrolled 35 patients after aortic arch repair in early infancy. All patients underwent cardiac catheterization, and in 20 patients, there was no pressure difference within the repaired aortic arch. The aortic pressure waveforms in patients after successful aortic arch repair were recorded using a pressure sensor-mounted catheter, and the augmentation index in the ascending aorta was calculated. The augmentation index in patients after an aortic arch repair was increased compared with control subjects, although there was no pressure difference between the ascending and descending aorta (P<0.0001). The increase in the augmentation index was correlated with the patient’s age (r=0.8932, P<0.0001) and with the left ventricular posterior wall thickness (r=0.4075, P=0.0373). In patients who undergo aortic arch repair, the pressure wave reflection is accelerated, even when the aortic arch repair is ‘successful’. This increase is one of the possible causes of left ventricular hypertrophy.