Regional water resources security assessment and optimization path analysis in karst areas based on emergy ecological footprint

With the continuous growth of the world's social economy and population, problems such as water shortage and water environment deterioration need to be solved urgently. Combining the emergy carrying capacity of water resources and the emergy ecological footprint method, the water security and sustainable development status of the typical city in the karst region (Anshun City) was evaluated, and the internal driving factors and optimization suggestions were discussed. The research results of water security in Anshun City show that: The water resources carrying capacity fluctuates greatly with rainfall and is generally in a low-level surplus state. The ecological pressure index and the sustainable utilization index show a downward trend. The pressure intensity of social and economic systems on water resources is increasing, and the sustainable development of water resources is not optimistic. Water resources security is mainly affected by natural ecological mechanisms centered on mountain systems, geological structures and hydrological systems, as well as social mechanisms centered on changes in population scale, land development and utilization, and urban development. In the future, the sustainable development of water resources can be promoted by changing the mode of economic development, optimizing the allocation of water resources, and protecting the ecological environment.