Role of Deoxynivalenol in Aggressiveness of Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum and in Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight

The data available indicate that aggressiveness of Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum depends on their deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol-producing capacity: toxin-producing ability correlated closely with the level of aggressiveness measured. This agrees well with other literature findings. However, the resistance of a cultivar influenced DON production significantly. In the most resistant genotypes, toxin contamination remained near zero, whereas the same isolates and inoculum produced very high toxin levels in susceptible cultivars. As toxin levels were correlated with the ratio of Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) and this ratio is very low in highly resistant cultivars, the conclusion is that the level of resistance level is more important in governing DON accumulation in a given cultivar than is the aggressiveness of an isolate. In susceptible cultivars, DON producing ability is decisive, but in highly resistant cultivars resistance is the major factor in suppressing disease development and DON accumulation. In different years, the same FDK values were associated with different DON concentrations and this depended very much on the precipitation towards the end of May, the time of inoculation.