Study of pre-monsoon convection-based parameters over four stations of Northern India

Pre-monsoon season (PMNS) over India is characterized by a number of hazardous meteorological conditions, including sudden strong rains, violent thunderstorms, and squalls. Farmers can choose from a variety of crops for the following months with the help of rain that fell in PMNS. The months of March, April, and May are referred to as the pre-monsoon season. Over the Indian subcontinent, the meteorological variables such as wind patterns, pressure, rainfall, humidity, and temperature vary substantially by region. Over the course of the year, the weather changes. The PMNS precipitation patterns are crucial because they have a significant impact on a variety of crops. During PMNS, four different locations over India are examined for the traditionally calculated total totals index (TTT) and K index (TKI), humidity index (HI), enhanced k index (EKI), enhanced total totals index (ETT), excessive precipitation with enhanced convection (EPEC), Showalter index (SWI), and convective available potential energy (CAPE). In PMNS, these factors are examined both on rainy days (RD) and on days without rain (NRD). These four places—Kapurthala (KAP), Purnia (PUR), Sonipat (SON), and Haridwar (HAR)—were the ones we chose for our study. For the PMNS from 1981 to 2021, daily ERA5 reanalysis data were used to calculate all indicators related to rainfall. All measurements used during PMNS clearly distinguished between the RD and the NRD.