Analysis of landscape spatial pattern changes in urban fringe area: a case study of Hunhe Niaodao Area in Shenyang City

The urban fringe is areas where land use changes and develops rapidly, analyzing land use changes and driving forces in urban fringe area is of great significance for landscape pattern and ecological environment construction. This study takes the Hunhe Bird Island area of Shenyang City as the research object, uses Landsat remote sensing images from 2005 to 2019 as the basic data, and uses the land transfer matrix and landscape index method to analyze the overall landscape environment and six land types. Using government policies and statistical data to analyze the driving forces of landscape changes. The research results show that the landscape matrix had changed, the overall landscape structure had changed drastically, the ecological environment was unstable, and human interference factors had increased, and the fragmentation phenomenon had become more and more serious. Each land type has different environmental changes. Except for the relatively stable water environment, other land types have different degrees of fragmentation. The reason is that the driving force of landscape pattern changes mainly comes from the influence of human factors, which is closely related to population, economic development and government policies. Therefore, future development and protection strategies are proposed for each land type in the urban fringe area. For the overall development of urban fringe area, it is advocated to make full use of land resources, strengthen the correct judgment and forecast of urban population and economy, formulate the correct urban boundary strategy for sustainable development, avoid the ecological environment problems faced by excessive land development, and realize the “Rational expansion” of cities.