Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a technique for providing life support, in case the natural lungs are failing and are not able to maintain a sufficient oxygenation of the body's organ systems. ECMO technique was an adaptation of conventional cardiopulmonary bypass technique and introduced into treatment of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in the 1970s. The intial reports of the use of ECMO in ARDS patients were quite enthusiastic, however, in the following years it became clear that ECMO was only of benefit in newborns with acute respiratory failure. In neonates treated with ECMO, survival rates of 80% could be achieved. In adult patients with ARDS, two large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in 1979 and 1994 failed to show an advantage of ECMO over convential treatment, survival rates were only 10% and 33%, respectively, in the ECMO groups. Since then, ECMO technology as well as conventional treatment of adult ARDS have undergone further improvements. In conventional treatment lung-protective ventilation strategies were introduced and ECMO was made safer by applying heparin-coated equipment, membranes and tubings. Many ECMO centres now use these advanced ECMO technology and report survival rates in excess of 50% in uncontrolled data collections. The question, however, of whether the improved ECMO can really challenge the advanced conventional treatment of adult ARDS is unanswered and will need evaluation by a future RCT.
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Univ Gottingen, Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Med Ctr, Robert Koch Str 40, D-37075 Gottingen, GermanyUniv Gottingen, Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Med Ctr, Robert Koch Str 40, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany
Quintel, Michael
Bartlett, Robert H.
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Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USAUniv Gottingen, Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Med Ctr, Robert Koch Str 40, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany
Bartlett, Robert H.
Grocott, Michael P. W.
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Univ Southampton, Univ Hosp Southampton, Southampton NIHR Biomed Res Ctr, Perioperat Med & Crit Care Res Grp, Southampton, Hants, EnglandUniv Gottingen, Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Med Ctr, Robert Koch Str 40, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany
Grocott, Michael P. W.
Combes, Alain
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Sorbonne Univ, UMRS 1166 ICAN, INSERM, Inst Cardiometab & Nutr, Paris, France
Hop La Pitie Salpetriere, AP HP, Inst Cardiol, Serv Intens Care, Paris, FranceUniv Gottingen, Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Med Ctr, Robert Koch Str 40, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany
Combes, Alain
Ranieri, Marco, V
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Univ Bologna, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Alma Mater Studiorum, Anesthesia & Intens Care Med,Policlin St Orsola, Bologna, ItalyUniv Gottingen, Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Med Ctr, Robert Koch Str 40, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany
Ranieri, Marco, V
Baiocchi, Massimo
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Univ Gottingen, Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Med Ctr, Robert Koch Str 40, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany
Univ Bologna, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Alma Mater Studiorum, Anesthesia & Intens Care Med,Policlin St Orsola, Bologna, ItalyUniv Gottingen, Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Med Ctr, Robert Koch Str 40, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany
Baiocchi, Massimo
Nava, Stefano
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St Orsola Malpighi Hosp, Resp & Crit Care, Dept Clin Integrated & Expt Med DIMES, Bologna, ItalyUniv Gottingen, Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Med Ctr, Robert Koch Str 40, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany
Nava, Stefano
Brodie, Daniel
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Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Med, New York, NY USA
New York Presbyterian Med Ctr, New York, NY USAUniv Gottingen, Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Med Ctr, Robert Koch Str 40, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany
Brodie, Daniel
Camporota, Luigi
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Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Kings Hlth Partners, Dept Adult Crit Care, London, England
Kings Coll London, Div Ctr Human Appl Physiol Sci, London, EnglandUniv Gottingen, Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Med Ctr, Robert Koch Str 40, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany
Camporota, Luigi
Vasques, Francesco
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Guys & St Thomas NHS Fdn Trust, Kings Hlth Partners, Dept Adult Crit Care, London, England
Kings Coll London, Div Ctr Human Appl Physiol Sci, London, EnglandUniv Gottingen, Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Med Ctr, Robert Koch Str 40, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany
Vasques, Francesco
Busana, Mattia
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Univ Gottingen, Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Med Ctr, Robert Koch Str 40, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany
Univ Bologna, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Alma Mater Studiorum, Anesthesia & Intens Care Med,Policlin St Orsola, Bologna, ItalyUniv Gottingen, Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Med Ctr, Robert Koch Str 40, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany
Busana, Mattia
Marini, John J.
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Reg Hosp, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, St Paul, MN USA
Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USAUniv Gottingen, Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Med Ctr, Robert Koch Str 40, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany
Marini, John J.
Gattinoni, Luciano
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Univ Gottingen, Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Med Ctr, Robert Koch Str 40, D-37075 Gottingen, GermanyUniv Gottingen, Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Med Ctr, Robert Koch Str 40, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany
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Astrid Lindgren Childrens Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Dept Pediat Surg, SE-17176 Stockholm, SwedenAstrid Lindgren Childrens Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Dept Pediat Surg, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
Frenckner, Bjorn
Radell, Peter
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Astrid Lindgren Childrens Hosp, Dept Anaesthesiol & Intens Care, SE-17176 Stockholm, SwedenAstrid Lindgren Childrens Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Dept Pediat Surg, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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Kyung Hee Univ Hosp Gangdong, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, Seoul, South KoreaSungkyunkwan Univ, Samsung Med Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, Sch Med, 81 Irwon Ro, Seoul 06351, South Korea
Park, So Hee
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Hong, Sang-Bum
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Cho, Woo Hyun
Lee, Sang-Min
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Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med,Coll Med, Seoul, South KoreaSungkyunkwan Univ, Samsung Med Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, Sch Med, 81 Irwon Ro, Seoul 06351, South Korea
Lee, Sang-Min
Cho, Young-Jae
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Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Internal Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Bundang Hosp, Gyeonggi Do, South KoreaSungkyunkwan Univ, Samsung Med Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, Sch Med, 81 Irwon Ro, Seoul 06351, South Korea
Cho, Young-Jae
Park, Sunghoon
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Hallym Univ, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Sacred Heart Hosp, Gyeonggi Do, South KoreaSungkyunkwan Univ, Samsung Med Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, Sch Med, 81 Irwon Ro, Seoul 06351, South Korea
Park, Sunghoon
Koo, So-My
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Soonchunhyang Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Div Pulm & Allergy Med, Seoul, South KoreaSungkyunkwan Univ, Samsung Med Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, Sch Med, 81 Irwon Ro, Seoul 06351, South Korea
Koo, So-My
Park, Seung Yong
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Chonbuk Natl Univ Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Jeollabuk Do, South KoreaSungkyunkwan Univ, Samsung Med Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, Sch Med, 81 Irwon Ro, Seoul 06351, South Korea
Park, Seung Yong
Chang, Youjin
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Inje Univ, Dept Internal Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Sanggye Paik Hosp, Seoul, South KoreaSungkyunkwan Univ, Samsung Med Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, Sch Med, 81 Irwon Ro, Seoul 06351, South Korea
Chang, Youjin
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Kang, Byung Ju
Kim, Jung-Hyun
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CHA Bundang Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Gyeonggi Do, South KoreaSungkyunkwan Univ, Samsung Med Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, Sch Med, 81 Irwon Ro, Seoul 06351, South Korea
Kim, Jung-Hyun
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Oh, Jin Young
Jung, Jae-Seung
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Korea Univ, Dept Thorac & Cardiovasc Surg, Anam Hosp, Seoul, South KoreaSungkyunkwan Univ, Samsung Med Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, Sch Med, 81 Irwon Ro, Seoul 06351, South Korea
Jung, Jae-Seung
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Yoo, Jung-Wan
Sim, Yun Su
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Hallym Univ, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hosp, Seoul, South KoreaSungkyunkwan Univ, Samsung Med Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, Sch Med, 81 Irwon Ro, Seoul 06351, South Korea
Sim, Yun Su
Jeon, Kyeongman
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Sungkyunkwan Univ, Samsung Med Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, Sch Med, 81 Irwon Ro, Seoul 06351, South Korea
Sungkyunkwan Univ, Samsung Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med,Sch Med, 81 Irwon Ro, Seoul 06351, South KoreaSungkyunkwan Univ, Samsung Med Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, Sch Med, 81 Irwon Ro, Seoul 06351, South Korea
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Capital Med Univ, Beijing Chao Yang Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, Beijing 100020, Peoples R China
Beijing Inst Resp Med, Beijing 100020, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Resp & Pulm Circulat, Beijing 100020, Peoples R China
Beijing Chao Yang Hosp, Beijing Engn Res Ctr Diag & Treatment Resp & Crit, Beijing 100020, Peoples R ChinaCapital Med Univ, Beijing Chao Yang Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, Beijing 100020, Peoples R China
Li, Xu-Yan
Sun, Bing
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Capital Med Univ, Beijing Chao Yang Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, Beijing 100020, Peoples R China
Beijing Inst Resp Med, Beijing 100020, Peoples R China
Beijing Key Lab Resp & Pulm Circulat, Beijing 100020, Peoples R China
Beijing Chao Yang Hosp, Beijing Engn Res Ctr Diag & Treatment Resp & Crit, Beijing 100020, Peoples R ChinaCapital Med Univ, Beijing Chao Yang Hosp, Dept Resp & Crit Care Med, Beijing 100020, Peoples R China
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Hop Tenon, AP HP, Serv Reanimat Medicochirurg, F-75970 Paris, France
Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Paris, France
Univ Paris 07, Sorbonne Univ, INSERM, UMR 1153,ECSTRA Team, Paris, FranceUniv Toronto, Interdept Div Crit Care Med, Toronto, ON, Canada