Vaccination with virus-like particles of atypical porcine pestivirus inhibits virus replication in tissues of BALB/c mice

Congenital tremor (CT) type A-II in piglets is a worldwide disease caused by an emerging atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV). Preparation and evaluation of vaccines in laboratory animals is an important preliminary step toward prevention and control of the disease. Here, virus-like particles (VLPs) of APPV were prepared and VLPs vaccine was evaluated in BALB/c mice. Purified Erns and E2 proteins expressed in E. coli were allowed to self-assemble into VLPs, which had the appearance of hollow spherical particles with a diameter of about 100 nm by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The VLPs induced strong antibody responses and reduced the viral load in tissues of BALB/c mice. The data from animal challenge experiments, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that BALB/c mice are an appropriate laboratory model for APPV. These results suggest the feasibility of using VLPs as a vaccine for the prevention and control of APPV and provide useful information for further study of APPV in laboratory animals.