Optical imaging technology in minimally invasive surgeryCurrent status and future directions

Optical engineering and imaging technology have played a major role in the evolving field of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) by making it possible to visualize the manipulation of tissue at remote internal sites. We assess and review the optical imaging technology used during a variety of MIS procedures from an engineering perspective. The field of MIS is evolving rapidly. Optic-based technologies have the potential to further improve diagnostic capabilities of MIS. Optical imaging technologies and instrument designs are discussed in relation to their current and future use in MIS procedures. Technical limitations in imaging technology are described, along with potential solutions. We review the current status and future role of optical imaging technology in MIS. In the future, synergistic benefits from engineering, imaging technology, and MIS are likely to improve diagnostic ability and patient care.