A phytochemical study of the fruits of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. occurring in the Central Nonchernozem region of the Russian Federation has been performed. Qualitative reactions and quantitative instrumental methods of analysis proved the presence of polysaccharides, flavonoids, coumarins, phenolcarboxylic acids, amino acids, saponins, carotenoids, vitamins, and tannins. The quantitative content of the biologically active compounds has been estimated. It is shown that the fruits of Elaeagnus angustifolia occurring in Russia are a promising source of compounds presenting considerable interest for the pharmacy and food industry. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.