Mullins’ effect in semicrystalline polymers: experiments and modeling

Experimental data are reported on isotactic polypropylene in uniaxial cyclic tensile tests with various maximum strains at room temperature. It is demonstrated that polypropylene reveals all characteristic features (hysteresis of energy, damage accumulation, and strain-hardening) of the Mullins effect. Constitutive equations are derived for the viscoplastic behavior of semicrystalline polymers at three-dimensional deformations with small strains. Adjustable parameters in the stress–strain relations are found by fitting the observations. Numerical simulation shows that the model adequately predicts the viscoplastic response of polypropylene in uniaxial and biaxial cyclic tests.