Blind Semi-fragile Hybrid Domain-Based Dual Watermarking System for Video Authentication and Tampering Localization

In this paper, a blind semi-fragile dual watermarking system for video content authentication and tampering localization is proposed. In this method, two watermarks are tailored for each host video frame. Indeed, the frame index is firstly binary modulated and then, serves as a primary watermark. Subsequently, a second content-based authentication watermark is built up using frame blocks texture features. To improve the security aspect, Torus automorphism mapping is applied under the second watermark before being embedded. The suggested scheme operates in the hybrid domain. In fact, the primary watermark is infused in the host frame following a spatial domain-based embedding technique. However, a frequency domain-based watermarking method, which combines Lifting Wavelet Transform (LWT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), is involved to hide the second watermark. Herein, the most textured blocks are chosen as second watermark holders to enhance the watermarked video perceptual quality. During the detection process, the dissimilarity between the second extracted watermark and its reconstructed version as well as the mismatch between the observed index and the extracted one enable to reveal spatial and temporal tampering, respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves a good visual quality with a large embedding capacity. Furthermore, it can efficiently withstand non-malicious processing while being fragile to frames manipulations and content modification attacks. Moreover, it ensures an accurate tampered areas localization.