Parameters Estimation of the Mathematical Model of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks based on a Fractional‑order Water Strider Algorithm

In recent decades, in the use of science and technology, extensive research has been conducted on an academic and industrial scale to introduce new sources of energy that are fully constructed to meet the needs of today's human beings. One of these new sources that use your special energy is a fuel cell. A fuel cell is a clean source that converts the chemical energy in a fuel directly into electrical energy by performing two separate electrochemical reactions separately. Providing a proper model for the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) as one of the useful fuel cells is critical for reducing the costs of the design. However, the complexity of this problem made it a challenging task owing to the complex and highly nonlinear nature. Particularly, for SOFCs, the model should be optimized under different temperature and pressure operating conditions. The present study proposes a newly developed version of the Water Strider Algorithm, called Fractional‑order Water Strider Algorithm (FOWSA) for optimal identification of the SOFC parameters. Using the proposed FOWSA is introduced to improve the original WSA to provide better convergence and global optimization results. The efficiency of the suggested FOWSA has been firstly validated and then, the designed method is performed to a practical case study and the sensitivity analysis in terms of temperature and pressure. The final results indicate that the suggested method shows outstanding efficiency toward the compared methods.