Equivalent Circuit with Frequency-Independent Lumped Elements for Plasmonic Graphene Patch Antenna Using Particle Swarm Optimization Technique

The graphene patch microstrip antenna has been investigated for 600 GHz applications. The graphene material introduces a reconfigurable surface conductivity in a terahertz frequency band. The input impedance is calculated using the finite integral technique. A five-lumped element equivalent circuit for graphene patch microstrip antenna has been investigated. The values of the lumped element equivalent circuit are optimized using the particle swarm optimization techniques. The optimization is performed to minimize the mean square error between the input impedance of the finite integral and that calculated by the equivalent circuit model. The effect of varying the grapheme material, chemical potential and relaxation time on the radiation characteristics of the graphene patch microstrip antenna has been investigated. An improved new equivalent circuit model has been introduced to best fit the input impedance using a rational function and PSO. The Cauer’s realization method is used to synthesize a new lumped-element equivalent circuits.