Biomonitoring of arsenic, cadmium and lead in two artisanal and small-scale gold mining areas in Zimbabwe

被引:0
|
作者
Stefan Rakete
Given Moonga
Anna-Maria Wahl
Viola Mambrey
Dennis Shoko
Dingani Moyo
Shamiso Muteti-Fana
Myriam Tobollik
Nadine Steckling-Muschack
Stephan Bose-O’Reilly
机构
[1] University Hospital,Institute and Clinic for Occupational
[2] LMU Munich,, Social
[3] LMU University Hospital Munich, and Environmental Medicine
[4] University of Zambia,Center for International Health
[5] Tailjet Consultancy Services,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
[6] University of the Witwatersrand,School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Occupational Health Division
[7] Midlands State University,Faculty of Medicine & Faculty of Social Sciences
[8] UZ College of Health Sciences,Department of Community Medicine
[9] Section Environmental Medicine and Health Effects Assessment German Environment Agency,Institute of Public Health, Medical Decision Making and Health Technology Assessment, Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessm
[10] UMIT (Private University for Health Sciences,University Children’s Hospital Regensburg (KUNO
[11] Medical Informatics and Technology),Clinics), Clinic St. Hedwig
[12] University of Regensburg,undefined
来源
Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2022年 / 29卷
关键词
Biomonitoring; Toxic metals; Arsenic; Cadmium; Lead; Artisanal and small-scale gold mining; Zimbabwe;
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中图分类号
学科分类号
摘要
People living and working in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) areas are frequently exposed to elemental mercury (Hg), which is used for gold extraction. However, additional exposure to other toxic metals such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) may result from mining-related activities and could be ingested via dust, water or food. In these areas, only limited biomonitoring data is available for toxic metals other than Hg. In particular, data about the exposure to As, Cd and Pb is unavailable for the Zimbabwean population. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study in two ASGM areas in Zimbabwe to evaluate the internal exposure to these metals. In total, urine and blood samples from 207 people that identified themselves as miners were collected and analysed for As and Cd in urine as well as Pb in blood by GF-AAS. Median levels (interquartile ranges in μg/l) of As and Pb were 9.7 μg/l (4.0, 18.5) and 19.7 μg/l (12.5, 34.5), respectively. The 25th percentile and the median for Cd were below the limit of detection (0.5 μg/l); the 75th percentile was at 0.9 μg/l. The results were compared to reference values found for the general population in the USA and Germany, and a significant number of participants exceeded these values (As, 33 %; Cd, 27 %; Pb, 32 %), indicating a relevant exposure to toxic metals. Although not representative for the Zimbabwean population, our results demonstrate that the exposure to toxic metals is relevant for the public health in Zimbabwe and requires further investigation.
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页码:4762 / 4768
页数:6
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