A mathematical formalism of self assembly for design and fabrication of nanostructured materials: a new paradigm for nanotechnology

The molecular nanotechnology is the concept of functional mechanical system at the molecular scale, i.e., machines at the molecular scale, designed and built atom by atom. This idea along with self recognition (self assembly) can be used in the development of intelligent nanoparticles (NPs). In this paper we present a mathematical formalism of force balance and self assembly along with a quantum mechanical algorithmic approach for avoiding uncertainty relations in a limited range, where tiny nano particle (1–100 nm), constitute an elementary unit. We explain the natural self organization, where, the system organizes itself, but there is no known agent inside the system doing the organizing. Thiol, aspartic acid, citrate and bovine serum albumin capped gold NPs were synthesised in the laboratory with potentially useful size and shape dependent properties. We used colloidal method for synthesis of NPs confinement at 2, 5, 10 and 20 nm. The particle shape contours were measured by transmission electron microscope with high resolution field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, FEI Quanta 200F). AFM (AFM-STM, Ntegra Ts-150) study was performed to see the surface topology and confinement. SPR spectra study including pH stability analysis is used to study the properties of quantum confinement.