Treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

Background: Recent improvements in medical oncology include both development of anticancer and supportive therapy. Serotonin receptor antagonists were introduced in clinical practice 20 years ago. Since then, the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting allows continuing efficacious chemotherapy that earlier had to be stopped sometimes for intolerance. Aim: This anniversary review summarises the current antiemetic arsenal focussing on the most potent antiemetic drugs such as serotonin and substance P receptor antagonists. Result: Antiemetic treatment improves quality of life under chemotherapy and contributes to the survival benefit as well. In spite of the use of these new drugs, a significant number of patients still experience nausea and vomiting. Special complications like delayed emesis can be alleviated by combination therapies. Conclusion: Prevention and optimal management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting should be a goal for most patients receiving emetogenic chemotherapy. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.