A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, bioactivity and medicinal value of bioactive compounds of pomegranate (Punica granatum)

Pomegranate (Punica granatum) acts as a therapeutic fruit possessing different bioactive compounds. Different compartments of pomegranate (P. granatum) like seed, peel, juice and leaves are rich in potential bioactive compounds. Pomegranate contains sinapyl, coniferyl, ellagic acid, cinnamic acid, genistein, linoleic acid, anthocyanin, gallic acid, catechin, quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, cyanidin, punicalin, delphinidin, punicalagin, chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid, luteolin and pelletierine alkaloids, flavonoids, anthocyanin and caffeic acid. Pomegranate also exhibits significant anti-oxidative, anti-hypertensive, cardioprotective and anti-diabetic properties and anti-carcinogenic possessions including prevention of prostate cancer; reduction in colon inflammation, prevention of skin tumorigenesis, improvement in renal function and reduction in metastatic melanoma growth. This review summarizes the current available data on the phytochemistry, bioavailability and therapeutic importance of potential bioactive compounds of pomegranate.